IMPORTANCE OF IMPROVING TEACHER TRAINING PROGRAMMES IN INDONESIA | Forum

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xysoom
xysoom Nov 17 '19
Teacher competence and professionalism play an important role in the success of student learning. As long as the government does not prioritise improving the quality of teachers or mapping the competence of teachers, it is difficult to imagine that the quality of education in Indonesia will improve.Internationally recognised teacher training programmes

One of the evaluation tools used in measuring teacher competence in Indonesia is the Teacher Competence Test (UKG). This test assesses mastery of pedagogic competence; the ability of teachers to manage a class and prepare learning strategies for students; professional competence; teachers’ mastery of the material; and the ability to evaluate learning.

Based on the results of the 2015 UKG Test, the average teacher competence scores from primary to high school are quite alarming. Nationally, the national average teacher scores are 40.14 (primary school), 44.16 (middle school), and 45.38 (high school). These scores are below the minimum standard set for the year, which was 55. Last year, the minimum standard was raised to 75.

Although the UKG cannot be the only indicator of teacher competence, its result still indicates that many teachers in Indonesia have not attained the minimum competence required to facilitate quality learning—in spite of the fact that prospective teachers must attend a professional education programme for one year after completing undergraduate education.

In a study done by Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE) Programme in Indonesia in 2018, my colleagues and I found that only 12.43 percent of primary school teachers thought they had mastered literacy and 21.27 percent thought they had mastered numeracy. Last year, this study conducted a self-perception survey of 360 primary school teachers—graduates of Primary School Teacher Education who attended the Teacher Professional Education (PPG) Programme for one year, in-class—in seven universities in Java that hosted education programme. Teachers who participated in the survey had had teaching experience of six months to five years. They are a sample of 2,449 primary school teachers across Indonesia who participated in the programme at 43 universities.

If teachers are not competent in teaching literacy and numeracy at the primary level, it is not surprising that the achievement of Indonesian students in various national and international assessment programmes is in the bottom rank. In the 2015 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), for instance, the average math score of Indonesian students was 386--below the average math score of students from 72 PISA participating countries, which was 490.

What the government has done to improve teacher competence

In the current system, both beginner and experienced teachers take the same development and training programme with types of training that often overlap.

To improve teacher competence, the government organises Teacher Professional Education (PPG) and Continuing Professional Development (PKB) programmes. By participating in those additional education programmes, teachers will get the opportunity to learn the various competences needed to become professional educators.

In 2017, the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education designed two types of PPG based on the targeted groups: pre-service and in-service PPG programme (PPG prajabatan and PPG dalam jabatan, respectively).

The only way for a teacher to obtain a professional educator certificate is to attend the PPG programme. PPG displaces the educator certification programme, which uses portfolio collection or teacher professional education and training (PLPG). Teachers will undergo workshops and internships at a school by making use of their pedagogical competence, content knowledge, communication skill, and character development as professional educators.

The two-semester pre-service PPG programme is intended for novice teacher candidates or inexperienced teachers, and is carried out in-class. Meanwhile, the one-semester PPG programme is for in-service teachers or teachers who have taught in private or state schools, and is conducted by integrating online and in-class learning method. PPG is mandatory for teachers with bachelor’s degree from teacher colleges as well as non-teacher colleges.

The implementation of PPG is not without polemics and has become the talk among academics and practitioners of education. The PPG programme is deemed ineffective for teachers who have undergone teacher training education in college because the materials are merely a repetition of the courses they have obtained in college. With the current model of teacher education, the implementation of regular teacher education and the PPG programme is as though separated.

In the Continuing Professional Development (PKB) programme, the majority of participants are teachers who have obtained professional certification. By participating in a 60-hour PKB education and training programme, teachers are encouraged to improve their capacities in mastering the skills of pedagogy and subject area.

Given that the majority of PKB participants already have professional educator certificates, ultimately, such development design is simply a refreshment of the materials which teachers have previously obtained in college; it has also been failing to develop teacher competence continuously.

Findings of the 2018 RISE study show that despite participating in the PKB training, many teachers were still incapable of meeting the minimum competence standard.
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